You must slow down near the top of an uphill slope, but you do not need to slow down on a steep downhill slope.
上り坂の頂上付近では徐行しなければならないが、勾配の急な下り坂では徐行しなくてよい。
This statement is FALSE
Explanation
Article 42(2) lists three places where you must slow down: near a bend in the road, near the top of an uphill slope, and on a steep downhill slope. A steep downhill slope is included, so the statement is wrong.
Original text
二 道路のまがりかど附近、上り坂の頂上附近又は勾配の急な下り坂を通行するとき。
Source: Road Traffic Act — 道路交通法 第四十二条（徐行すべき場所） · Act No.105 of 1960
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